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- Space Physiology
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Investigating Muscle Function in Healthy and ACL-Reconstructed Collegiate Female Lacrosse Players: A Pilot Study
1Shelby A. Peel, 2Christine Walck, 1Jeff B. Taylor, 1,3Anh-Dung Nguyen, 1Audrey E. Westbrook 1Kevin R. Ford
1Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA
3Division of Athletic Training, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate knee joint function between healthy and ACL-reconstructed (ACL-R) females within the same NCAA Division I collegiate female lacrosse team (WLAX) via knee mechanics and estimated vasti and hamstring muscle forces.
Design: Retrospective cohort study design
Methods: Knee mechanics during three unanticipated cutting trials were observed using 3D motion analysis techniques for 26 female lacrosse players with five having previous ACL-R (2.1±0.5 years). These trials were performed on a synthetic turf surface with an embedded platform and consisted of a jump stop into a cut after an arrow was displayed to the left or right at random. Knee flexion angle and knee extensor moment were calculated via Visual3D. Modified musculoskeletal models were scaled based on participant-specific anthropometrics, and estimated vasti and hamstrings muscle forces were obtained using static optimization. 2 × 2 (group × limb) repeated measures ANOVAs were used to identify differences in knee mechanics, and vasti and hamstring muscle groups among healthy/ACL-R between their preferred and involved legs.
Results: There was an interaction between group and limb for knee extensor moment. ACL-R females had less knee extensor moments in their involved leg compared to their uninvolved leg (p < 0.001). There was also a group main effect found for knee flexion angle. ACL-R females cut with less knee flexion angle compared to healthy females (p < 0.013). No significant differences were found for estimated vasti or hamstring forces.
Conclusions: These pilot results indicate that despite all female WLAX players undergoing the same strength and conditioning programming, training sessions, and coaching staff, differences in knee joint mechanics still exist between healthy and ACL-R WLAX players. These data should help inform larger-scaled studies investigating the impact of ACL-R on athletes within the same sports team.
Key Words: Knee Mechanics, Lacrosse, OpenSim, Muscle Function, ACL-Reconstruction
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